224 research outputs found
Multi-GPU maximum entropy image synthesis for radio astronomy
The maximum entropy method (MEM) is a well known deconvolution technique in
radio-interferometry. This method solves a non-linear optimization problem with
an entropy regularization term. Other heuristics such as CLEAN are faster but
highly user dependent. Nevertheless, MEM has the following advantages: it is
unsupervised, it has a statistical basis, it has a better resolution and better
image quality under certain conditions. This work presents a high performance
GPU version of non-gridding MEM, which is tested using real and simulated data.
We propose a single-GPU and a multi-GPU implementation for single and
multi-spectral data, respectively. We also make use of the Peer-to-Peer and
Unified Virtual Addressing features of newer GPUs which allows to exploit
transparently and efficiently multiple GPUs. Several ALMA data sets are used to
demonstrate the effectiveness in imaging and to evaluate GPU performance. The
results show that a speedup from 1000 to 5000 times faster than a sequential
version can be achieved, depending on data and image size. This allows to
reconstruct the HD142527 CO(6-5) short baseline data set in 2.1 minutes,
instead of 2.5 days that takes a sequential version on CPU.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure
Quantum Computing of Poincare Recurrences and Periodic Orbits
Quantum algorithms are built enabling to find Poincar\'e recurrence times and
periodic orbits of classical dynamical systems. It is shown that exponential
gain compared to classical algorithms can be reached for a restricted class of
systems. Quadratic gain can be achieved for a larger set of dynamical systems.
The simplest cases can be implemented with small number of qubits.Comment: revtex, 5 pages, research at Quantware MIPS Center (see
http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr); minor changes and references adde
Exponential Gain in Quantum Computing of Quantum Chaos and Localization
We present a quantum algorithm which simulates the quantum kicked rotator
model exponentially faster than classical algorithms. This shows that important
physical problems of quantum chaos, localization and Anderson transition can be
modelled efficiently on a quantum computer. We also show that a similar
algorithm simulates efficiently classical chaos in certain area-preserving
maps.Comment: final published versio
Knee Osteoarthritis Pain Management with an Innovative High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Formulation (HA-HL): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare a single intra-articular injection of an innovative high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid formulation (HA-HL) versus placebo in treating moderate-to-severe symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Subjects with primary osteoarthritis knee pain (Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2–3) were randomly assigned to intra-articular HA-HL or placebo in a prospective, double-blind, 24-week study. The primary outcome variable was change from screening to week 24 of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score. Secondary outcomes included Lequesne’s algofunctional index, EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire, 5-level version (EQ-5D-5L), Outcome Measures in Arthritis Clinical Trials-Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) response and rescue medication usage. Results: In a total of 692 randomized patients, a rapid decrease was observed in mean VAS pain score from baseline to week 1 (26 ± 24 mm in the HA-HL group vs. 23 ± 23 mm in the placebo group); pain intensity continued to decrease during 24 weeks of follow-up, reaching a mean change from baseline of 35 ± 28 mm vs. 32 ± 27 mm at week 24. Mixed model analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in favor of the HA-HL group at weeks 1, 6, 12, and 24. HA-HL was also more effective than placebo in improving Lequesne’s algofunctional index, OMERACT-OARSI response, and health-related quality of life. The use of rescue medication (paracetamol 500 mg tablets; ≤ 6 per day) was lower in the HA-HL group. Both treatments were similarly well tolerated. Conclusions: A single intra-articular injection of an innovative high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid formulation (HA-HL) is effective in providing fast, sustained, and clinically relevant reductions in pain, functional limitation, and health-related quality of life that were apparent at 1 week after the intra-articular injection and maintained throughout the 24-week follow-up in subjects with painful knee osteoarthritis, with a good safety profile. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03200288. © 2021, The Author(s)
Quantum Computing of Classical Chaos: Smile of the Arnold-Schrodinger Cat
We show on the example of the Arnold cat map that classical chaotic systems
can be simulated with exponential efficiency on a quantum computer. Although
classical computer errors grow exponentially with time, the quantum algorithm
with moderate imperfections is able to simulate accurately the unstable chaotic
classical dynamics for long times. The algorithm can be easily implemented on
systems of a few qubits.Comment: revtex, 4 pages, 4 figure
GATE : a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT
Monte Carlo simulation is an essential tool in emission tomography that can
assist in the design of new medical imaging devices, the optimization of
acquisition protocols, and the development or assessment of image
reconstruction algorithms and correction techniques. GATE, the Geant4
Application for Tomographic Emission, encapsulates the Geant4 libraries to
achieve a modular, versatile, scripted simulation toolkit adapted to the field
of nuclear medicine. In particular, GATE allows the description of
time-dependent phenomena such as source or detector movement, and source decay
kinetics. This feature makes it possible to simulate time curves under
realistic acquisition conditions and to test dynamic reconstruction algorithms.
A public release of GATE licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
can be downloaded at the address http://www-lphe.epfl.ch/GATE/
A combinatorial model for reversible rational maps over finite fields
We study time-reversal symmetry in dynamical systems with finite phase space,
with applications to birational maps reduced over finite fields. For a
polynomial automorphism with a single family of reversing symmetries, a
universal (i.e., map-independent) distribution function R(x)=1-e^{-x}(1+x) has
been conjectured to exist, for the normalized cycle lengths of the reduced map
in the large field limit (J. A. G. Roberts and F. Vivaldi, Nonlinearity 18
(2005) 2171-2192). We show that these statistics correspond to those of a
composition of two random involutions, having an appropriate number of fixed
points. This model also explains the experimental observation that,
asymptotically, almost all cycles are symmetrical, and that the probability of
occurrence of repeated periods is governed by a Poisson law.Comment: LaTeX, 19 pages with 1 figure; to be published in Nonlinearit
Tipping the polaron–bipolaron balance : concentration and spin effects in doped oligo(aniline)s observed by UV-vis-NIR and TD-DFT
The oxidation states and doped forms of oligo(aniline)s are readily interconverted, and each state has characteristic UV-vis-NIR absorptions, making this spectroscopic technique ideal for in situ analysis of oligo(aniline) behaviour. However, experimental isolation of some of these states can be challenging and quantitative agreement between experimental and calculated spectra has been poor, making it difficult to identify the exact structure(s) and properties of each state. Here we report a comprehensive study of the UV-vis-NIR spectra of all oxidation states and doped forms of a series of oligo(aniline)s of varying lengths (dimer, tetramer and octamer), using a computationally inexpensive DFT method that is particularly suited to molecules with charge-transfer character. The computational study suggests that doped oligo(aniline)s form mixtures of spin isomers (polaronic and bipolaronic forms) in solution, and we have been able to evaluate and compare the most likely electronic configurations, as well as supporting our insights experimentally, by ESR spectroscopy. This doping approach enables tuning of the spin isomer equilibrium position by varying the concentration of protonic dopant, offering a new pathway to explore the electronic structure of π-conjugated molecules more generally, and opening up new approaches to the design of spintronic materials
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